Clinical Ultrasound in Nephrology

Imaging In Clinical Nephrology.- Gray-Scale Ultrasound. Physics And Instrumentation.- Ultrasound Transmission And Imaging Formation.- Grayscale Or B-Mode Ultrasound.- Doppler Effect And Application.- Hemodynamics Element For Analyzing The Doppler Signal.- Principles And Techniques Of Elastography.- Fundamentals Of Microbubble Contrast Agents And Contrast-Specific Modes.- „Normal Anatomy Of The Kidney And Urinary Tract“.- Anatomical Variants And Congenital Anomalies Of The Kidney And Urinary Tract.- Space, Structures And Pathology Of Retroperitoneum.- Abdominal Aorta.- Inferior Vena Cava And Portal Vein System.- Ultrasound On Fluid Overload.- Ultrasound In Acute Kidney Injury.- Chronic Kidney Disease.- Interstitial Nephropathies.- Male And Female Pelvic Overview.- Urinary Tract Infection.- Hydronephrosis.- Nephrolithiasis.- Cystic Kidney Disease.- „Tumors Of The Kidney And Urinary Tract“.- Renal Biopsy.- The Use Of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography To Study The Kidney.- Renovascular Disease.- Ultrasound In The Hypertensive Patient.- Adrenal Glands.- Renal Vein Thrombosis.- Primary And Secondary Hyperparathyroidism.- The Echocardiography In The Uremic Patient.- Sonographic Assessment Of Epiaortic Vessels.- Ultrasonographic Assessment Of Lower Limb Arteries.- „Ultrasound In Vascular Access Creation: Anatomy Of The Upper Limb“.- Role Of Ultrasound In Mapping, Maturation, And Surveillance Of Vascular Access.- Early And Late Complications Of Avf.- Central Venous Catheterization.- Ultrasound In The Renal Transplantation.- Combined Kidney-Pancreas Transplantation.