Oxygen

Part I: Origins and Discovery of Oxygen.- The Emergence of Oxygen on Earth.- The genius of Joseph Priestly; the discovery of oxygen as a component of air.- “We are all on fire”; understanding the biochemistry of human metabolism including aerobic and anaerobic pathways for generating energy.- How aerobic and anaerobic metabolism enables new imaging techniques (such as PET scanning).- Part II: The Physiology of Respiration.- The Gas Laws.- First therapeutic use of supplemental oxygen in modern medicine.- Do no harm; understanding the limits and the pitfalls of using supplemental oxygen.- Fundamentals of using oxygen via nasal cannula in health and disease.- Hemoglobin; the ideal conveyor of oxygen.- A deadly snowfall in the city: carbon dioxide poisoning and hyperbaric oxygen.- Methemoglobinemia: how changes in hemoglobin structure can alter oxygen carrying.- Control of Breathing.- Part III: Chronic Respiratory Failure.- Principles of outpatient oxygen use for patients with chronic lung diseases including COPD and pulmonary fibrosis.- How to Prescribe oxygen for outpatient use.- Use of Oxygen after Lung Surgery.- High Flow Nasal Cannula.- Non- invasive ventilation.- The supply side:  commercial supplies of oxygen.- A deadly sleep: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypoxemia.- Chronic Use of Tracheostomy Tubes.- Use of Oxygen at the end of Life.- Part IV: Acute Respiratory Failure.- Basic Principles of Mechanical Ventilation.- The Endotracheal Tube.- Complications of Mechanical Ventilation.- Treatment of Pneumothorax.-Managing Respiratory Failure in Pneumonia and ARDS.- Use of Prone Positioning in Pneumonia and ARDS including COVID 19.- Complications of Prone Positioning.- When All Else Fails: Principles extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).- ECMO in the time of Pandemics.- Tracheostomy in the ICU.- Ethics of Life-sustaining care and withdrawing mechanical ventilation in the ICU.- Part V: Lung Recovery.- Tincture of time: Recovery of the Lung after injury.- Pulmonary rehabilitation.- Long Term Respiratory Failure.- Lung Transplant.- Part VI: Special Physiological Circumstances.- Under the sea: principles of SCUBA.- Ascent into thin air; how oxygen is reduced at elevation due to low barometric pressure.- Cardiopulmonary Bypass.- Part VII: Conclusions.- Future of lung support.- The search for oxygen in the solar system.- Conclusions.